Meteorology (Atmosphere layers and climate) - Branch of Geology

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Introduction What is Meteorology? Meteorology is branch of geology that deals with the scientific study of atmosphere (gaseous envelop surrounding earth) held around the earth due to gravity and the weather process, there are various major gases that make up atmosphere. The most common gas is nitrogen that make up 78% of atmosphere, oxygen is 21%, and 1 % as argon, carbon-dioxide and few trace gases. There are many more gases found in small quantities including water vapor which is in very small quantity which is important for the weather. It is a sub-discipline of Atmospheric Science that majorly focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorology includes both climate and weather and is concerned with the physical, chemical and dynamical state of the Earth’s atmosphere and its interactions between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. The major responsibility of the meteorologist is to monitor and analyse its changes to make predictions and interpretations about weather condition...
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Geology and it's branches

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Introduction


What is mean by Geology? 
Geology is the study of or science of the earth (Geo- earth and logy- study/science). It includes physical and chemical characteristics of earth with its structure, age and origin. Earth is part of solar system with sun as its head star. It is necessary to know about earth before studying universe.
The earth mainly made up of rocks and minerals hence it mainly include the study of the rocks and its formation, composition, structure, origin etc. The earth physical features like mountains, lakes, valleys keep changing due to earth activity. How the earth was formed, what it consist of, when was the earth formed, all these questions will get through studying geology. Oldest rock found on earth was 4.5 billion years. The earth mainly have core, mantle and crust.

Scope of Geology


Geology has gained importance from last few decades. Geology studies help to identify minerals, rocks, structures, deposits and resources which have been for the benefits for industries, medicine, construction, museum, interior design. The studies related to surface and subsurface help us to know the behavior of the rocks and geological action that give rise to natural calamities like earthquakes, tsunamis, floods. Geological studies is used in petroleum industries for various purpose, mining, civil engineering, construction etc.
Geological studies are related to chemistry, physics and biology.


Branches of Geology

Geology is a vast subject and interesting that give information about how the earth is formed, there are many branches of geology each branch is used in some or the other way used for many different reasons.

1.   Physical geology - Study of earth's rock, minerals, soil and how they have formed through time.

2.   Dynamic geology - The study that deals with cause and processes of geologic phenomena.

3.   Geomorphology - Study of landforms, process, form and sediments at the surface of the earth.

4.   Crystallography - The study of arrangement of atom in crystalline solid that define the rock property.

5.   Mineralogy - Study of Minerals, with it composition structure, formation, occurrence.

6.   Petrology -  The study of rocks, its composition, formation, structure etc.

7.   Structural geology - The study deals with rock deformation and geological structures like faults, joints and folds.

8.   Stratigraphy - Study of strata or the layers of the rock with its age, that tell us about the deposition environment, time, the age & the process of deposition.

9.   Palaeontology - Study of fossils (animal and plants remains buried in rock) which are preserved in rock sediments. Palaeontology study is mainly use to know the rock age

10. Economic geology - The study of metals and other minerals that are interested to industry or economy

11. Geo-chemistry - It is the science that uses the principle of chemistry to explain the mechanism behind major geological system

12. Geo-physics - The study of physical processes and physical properties of the earth. The magnetic field, gravitational field are the geophysical properties

13. Geo-hydrology - It deals with groundwater occurrence, origin, exploration etc. The reservoir (rock having capacity to store fluid) are mainly porous & permeable rock mostly sedimentary rock.

14. Engineering geology - The study of engineering properties of rock and minerals which are use in engineering studies.

15. Photo-geology - It involve study of aerial photographs and satellite images (Remote Sensing). That are used to identify the structure, drainage patterns, contours etc.

16. Gemmology - Study of Gems or the precious stone with its properties

17. Mining geology - This branch deal with mining activity of ore minerals with exploration and extraction of gold, copper, silver etc

18. Environmental geology - The study of interaction between the human's activity and the geological environment.

19. Oceanography - Study related to ocean and its plants and animals.

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Meteorology (Atmosphere layers and climate) - Branch of Geology

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Image
Introduction What is Meteorology? Meteorology is branch of geology that deals with the scientific study of atmosphere (gaseous envelop surrounding earth) held around the earth due to gravity and the weather process, there are various major gases that make up atmosphere. The most common gas is nitrogen that make up 78% of atmosphere, oxygen is 21%, and 1 % as argon, carbon-dioxide and few trace gases. There are many more gases found in small quantities including water vapor which is in very small quantity which is important for the weather. It is a sub-discipline of Atmospheric Science that majorly focuses on weather processes and forecasting. Meteorology includes both climate and weather and is concerned with the physical, chemical and dynamical state of the Earth’s atmosphere and its interactions between the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. The major responsibility of the meteorologist is to monitor and analyse its changes to make predictions and interpretations about weather condition...
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